马克思恩格斯的人性利己论及对道德教育的启示

Mar and Engels' Egoism on Human nature's Implication for Moral Education

马克思、恩格斯一直把人的自然属性当作人的根本属性之一。国外最新科学揭示了人的自然属性对人的社会活动具有深刻影响。人的本性基本上是利己的,马克思、恩格斯有过反复地论述。现代科学也提供了充分的证据。利己有损人利己、利人利己等多种情况。前者产生恶,后者产生道德。道德教育不能把外在的道德规范、道德概念等灌输给学生,而应从人的利己性开始,培养理性、情感等道德要素,培养合作与互惠互利等道德精神,教育学生追求道德真理,获得道德自由。教育过程与方法上要坚决反对灌输,采用引导、发现、建构、对话等方法。

In the eyes of Marx and Engels, the human natural attributes is one of human＇s fundamental attributes. The important roles that human natural attributes exerts on human social activities has been revealed by today sciences. The human nature is selfish, Mars and Engels expounded repeatedly, today sciences provided many evidences. The selfish has many happenings, such as： selfish by damaging oth- ers, selfish by benefiting others, selfish by neither damaging nor benefiting others, etc. Selfish by dama- ging others brings about evils, but selfish by benefiting others brings about good and morals. Moral edu- cation can＇t instill moral rules into students, but begins the selfish, cultivate the moral seeds such as rationality, emotion, gregarious, train team spirit, mutual benefit, guide students pursuing moral truth, achieving moral freedom. Instead of preaching and indoctrinating, We should use those methods such as guide, discover, construct, dialogue, practice, etc.