大型采空区高天窗开通技术研究

Research on the Excavation Technology of High Skylight in Large Mined-out Area

空场法回采所形成的大型采空区的顶板冒落产生的空气冲击气浪将严重影响矿山的生产安全，此类矿山一般采用在空区底部保留碎石垫层预防顶板冒落冲击，但是碎石垫层的瞬间滤波效果有限，开通天窗泄压效果更明显。运用气体质量守恒定律计算确定了天窗的开通面积，并采用深孔分段爆破的方式形成282～335m。的泄压高天窗，为矿山安全生产提供了保障，也可为类似矿山的空区处理提供借鉴。

Open stoping formed large mined out area, and the air shock wave caused by its roof falling would have great impact on mine production safety. Such mines generally kept rock cushion in the bottom of mined-out area to prevent roof failing impact, but the wave filtering effect of the rock cushion was limited. And pressure relief from skylight had a better effect. The area of the skylight was determined by the law of conservation of gas mass, and the skylight with area of 282-335 m^3 was formed by large-diameter hole blasting excavate. The study provided guarantee for mine production safety, and also can be used as reference for similar mines.