基于复配改性木质素磺酸铵的环保型木质材料的生命周期评价

Life cycle assessment of hybrid modified industrial lignin/wood fiber composites

利用改性木质素制备的木质材料其生产过程对生态环境有重要的影响.为探讨该环保型木质材料的可行性,利用Ga Bi 6.0软件,对基于复配改性木质素磺酸铵的环保型木质材料(HMIL/WF)进行生命周期评价,比较分析生命周期各生产环节的非生物资源耗竭、酸化效应、富营养化、全球变暖潜值、臭氧层破坏潜能以及光化学臭氧生成潜力等主要环境影响类型.结果表明:在HMIL/WF材料生命周期的3个子系统中,纤维制造子系统对各环境影响贡献值最大,此次是产品成型子系统,后期加工子系统对环境影响最小.全球变暖潜值是HMIL/WF材料环境影响的主要类型,占总环境影响值的73.09%,环境影响大小依次为全球变暖潜值、酸化效应、光化学臭氧生成潜力、富营养化、非生物资源耗竭和臭氧层破坏潜能.热能消耗的环境影响最为严重,占HMIL/WF材料生命周期总环境影响的44.77%.各生产环节的环境影响大小顺序依次为热能消耗、电能消耗、H_2O_2生产、木质素磺酸铵(AL)制备和运输阶段.热能消耗环节的全球变暖潜值、酸化效应、光化学臭氧生成潜力、富营养化和非生物资源耗竭的影响值为HMIL/WF材料生产各环节的最高值;运输阶段产生了最高的臭氧层破坏潜能.与传统中密度纤维板的生命周期环境影响潜值总值(4.71×10^(-9))相比,HMIL/WF材料的环境影响总值(4.22×10^(-9))减少了10.4%.

Combined with the lignin-based binder,the manufacture of wooden composites had an important impact on ecological environment. In order to investigate the feasibility of environment-friendly wooden composites,life cycle assessment（ LCA） of hybrid modified industrial lignin/wood fiber composites（ HMIL/WF） was carried out by Ga Bi 6. 0 software. The main environmental impact categories including Abiotic Depletion（ ADP）,Acidification Potential（ AP）,Eutrophication Potential（ EP）,Global Warming Potential（ GWP）,Ozone Layer Depletion Potential（ ODP）,and Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential（ POCP） were analyzed. Results show that in the three subsystems of LCA,the fibers preparation subsystem was the main contributor to most impact categories,followed by board forming subsystem and board finishing subsystem. GWP as the greatest influence factor contributed 73. 09% to the environmental impact,followed in order by AP,POCP,EP,ADP and ODP. Thermal energy production had the greatest impact on the environmental load,with the total contribution rate up to 44. 77%,followed by electricity production,H_2O_2 production,ammonium lignosulphonate（ AL） production,and transport. The highest GWP,AP,POCP,EP and ADP values were generated during thermal energy stage,while the transport stage had the highest value towards ODP. The total environmental impact of HMIL/WF composites（ 4. 22 × 10^（-9）） was 10.4% less than that of conventional medium density fiberboard（ MDF）（ 4.71 ×10^（-9））.