辽代伦理教化的方式及作用探析

Probe into the Methods and Roles of Ethical Enlightenment in the Liao Dynasty

伦理观念作为传统文化的重要组成部分是促进社会和谐的精神动力,也是维护政治统治和推动国家机器正常运转的有力支撑。忠君教化、孝道教化和贞洁教化在社会生活的各个层面都发挥着不可忽视的道德规范作用,为社会矛盾的调和作出了巨大贡献。辽代忠君教化的成效显著,培养了大批德才兼备之人,为社会和谐稳定发展奠定了坚实基础。"孝悌"观在辽代已深入人心,促进了统治基础的牢固和社会秩序的稳定,同时随着儒家文化的广为传播,至辽代的中后期,统治阶级已开始注重推行妇女的道德修养教化,并在社会上层大力提倡妇道。伦理教化已经成为辽代国家治理中不可或缺的重要手段,故为统治者倍加推崇。辽帝国在强敌环饲的环境中得以获得持续发展正是契丹文化与中原文化交汇融合之后所形成的新合力的结果,也是多元一体中华文化历史格局的一种具体体现。

As a vital part of traditional culture, ethics is the spiritual motive force to promote social harmony, and it gives a powerful support for political rule and normal operation of the state machine. Loyalty, filial piety and chastity education play a role of ethics in all aspects of social life, contributing a lot to conflict resolution. The Liao Dynasty witnessed the remarkable effect in loyalty education, when a large number of people with ca- pacity and integrity laid a solid foundation for social harmony and stability. Filial piety enjoyed popularity, pro- moting the solidity of ruling bases and stability of social order. While spreading widely the Confucian culture, the ruling class had not educated women＇s moral cultivation and advocated female virtues until the middle and late Liao Dynasty. Upgraded to an indispensable method of national governance, ethical education was more praised by the rulers. With enemies ambushed around, the Liao Empire acquired the sustainable development, which came from the integration of the Qidan and the Central Plains cultures, and it represented a pattern of diversity in the unity of the Chinese Nation.