甲午战后晚清军事工业布局之调整——以江南制造局迁建为例

Late Qing Adjustments to the Disposition of Military Industry after the 1894-95 Sino-Japanese War:A Case Study of the Relocation of the Jiangnan Arsenal

甲午战后,清政府对军事工业区位的调整可分为三个阶段:初期出于安全考虑,力主由沿海地区向内地迁移、扩散;庚子前后因军情紧张,不得不继续就各地已成之局扩充生产,保证供给;后期则力图统筹全国,集中发展若干重点军事工厂,以提高效率并强化中央集权。由地方督抚主导创办的晚清军事工业,虽存在诸多问题,但因清政府权威下降,财力有限,加之时局危殆,社会动荡,未能实现全国集中统筹。江南制造局迁建内地的计划在甲午战后一再提出,但却多次遭到搁置,最终未能有效实行。

After the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894-95,the Qing government embarked on a threestage adjustment of the spatial distribution of its military industry.At the initial stage,for security reasons,the government urged that the Jiangnan Arsenal(Jiangnan zhizaoju)move from coastal areas to the hinterland and be dispersed over a wide area.Around the time of the Boxer Rising,increasing military tension meant that the government had to allow the Jiangnan Arsenal to continue running and expand production in its existing location in order to ensure supply.Finally,in the last stage,the government tried to coordinate the distribution of military industries across the country,focusing on the development of a number of key military sites to improve efficiency and centralize power.Late Qing military industry,launched under the auspices of regional governors,had many problems;however,the decline of government authority and limited financial resources,coupled with political turmoil and social unrest,meant that the scheme for coordination of military industry did not get off the ground.The plan for the Jiangnan Arsenal's relocation to the hinterland was repeatedly put forward after the First Sino-Japanese War,but wasrepeatedly shelved;in the end,it was never put into effect.