联合国“千年发展目标”与“可持续发展目标”比较刍议

Tentative Comparative Studies between MDGs and SDGs

本文通过比较研究,考察与分析联合国"千年发展目标"与"可持续发展"目标的相互联系与区别,认为:一、"可持续发展目标"是对"千年发展目标"的继承与提升;二、"千年发展目标"与"可持续发展目标"的确立过程有明显的区别,前者由少数西方发达国家所主导,而后者则由发展中国家与发达国家、国家行为体与非国家性问题共同设定;三、"可持续发展目标"的内涵超越了"千年发展目标"而具有普遍性、全面性、整合性和变革性,从而特别注重经济发展、社会包容与环境保护三者之间的相互作用与相互促进,并且将"共同但有区别的责任"原则纳入其中。在此基础上,本文还进一步从时代的主题、当代国际体系的深刻转型、全球化与全球治理的深入发展、以及21世纪发展学理论的新发展等几个方面探索引起"千年发展目标"与"可持续发展目标"相互联系与区别的诸原因,以供中国在未来执行与落实联合国"可持续发展目标"做参考。

Through comparative studies this article investigates and analyses the connection and differences between UN Millennium Development Goals （MDGs） and Sustainable Development Goals （SDGs）. It argues that firstly SDGs is the inheritance of MDGs; secondly the establishment processes of MDGs and SDGs are quite different from each other because the former was dominated by a few western developed countries, while the latter was discussed, negotiated and proposed by both developed and developing countries and also by non-state actors like non government organizations; thirdly with the universal, comprehensive, integrated and transformative characteris- tics the connotation and meaning of SDGs have surpassed that of MDGs. SDGs also pays great attention to the integration of the three di- mensions of sustainable development - economic development, social inclusion and environmental protection, as well as the principle of ＂ common but differential responsibility＂. The article further discusses the causes of the connection and differentiations between MDGs and SDGs through the analysis of the main theme of contemporary age, the transformation of current international system, the deepening de- velopment of globalization and global governance, and the evolution of the theory of development in 21st century in order,to provide ref- erences for China in the implementation of SDGs in the next 15 years from 2016 to 2030.