民国高校毕业生之就业特征及政府反应(1927～1937)

Employment Characteristics of College Graduates and Response of KMT Government(1927～1937)

大学生就业紧张不仅是现实问题,也是历史问题。知古鉴今,基于"政府-学生"的分析框架,勾勒民国年间高校毕业生之就业特征及当时政府的应对策略。民国政府不再延续清政府分配学生就业的政策,大部分毕业生必须自谋生路。在高等教育扩张、毕业生规模日益增长的背景下,高校毕业生就业特征主要表现为毕业生的相对过剩与结构性失业,就业区域集中于大都市和东部地区,就业方向上以教育、政法为主流选择。生路难谋之际,大学生发起"向政府要工作"的请愿运动,引起如教育统制论争等社会议论。社会舆论压力、毕业生运动的政治压力下,国民政府"为青年谋出路"考虑,确实采取了一系列措施。然而,因经济发展不良,战争频仍,导致政府承诺难以奏效。

This paper outlines the employment characteristics of college graduates and the Kuomintang government＇s coping strategies in 1927-1937. The nationalist government did not adopt the system that the government providing jobs for graduates in the late Qing Dynasty, so most students had to search for jobs themselves. In the background of increasing number of graduates due to the extension scale of higher education, the employment characteristics of college graduates are mainly represented by relatively surplus of graduates, structural unemployment, centered employment areas in metropolises and eastern area and the mainstream selection of education and politics ＆ law. Under the circumstance that it＇s hard to make a living, the college students started petition campaign of ＂asking the government to offer job＂, thus causing many social disputes such as arguments about educational control. Under the heavy pressure of social opinions and political pressure of college graduates＇ campaign, the nationalist government indeed adopted series measures for ＂seeking after pathways for young people to make a living＂. However, due to the economic recession and frequent war, the government＇s promise is hard to make true.