民间蒙书:太行山文书所收杂字类文献的特点、类型及价值

Folk Enlightenment Books:Characteristics,Types and Values of the Glossary of Wordings Collected in the Taihang Mountains Document

近年来,邯郸学院入藏的太行山文书是研究华北乡村社会珍贵的历史文献资料,可谓继敦煌文书、徽州文书、清水江文书之后又一重要区域发现的民间文书。太行山文书收录大量的杂字类文献,约250余件,7 600页(面),130余种。这些文献具有分类编纂、实用性和通俗性、版本和类型多样化、宣扬儒家思想及社会教化等的特点。文献的类型,从内容上分为农业生产与商业贸易、教育文化、日常生活、民间百工技艺与医学土方等;从性质上分为识字类、知识类、德行类;从编排形式上分为分类编纂、无类目编纂、图文对照编纂、释义编纂等。太行山文书所收杂字类文献是一宗亟须关注和利用的重要文献,在历史学、教育学、语言学、文字学、民俗学、社会学等领域具有独特的研究价值,对于我国明清近代以来民间教育及大众教育的普及化具有举足轻重的作用,特别是对于当今童蒙教育乃至传统文化教育的传播与发展,以及弘扬和继承中华民族文化遗产都起到了重要的作用。

In recent years, Taihang Mountains Document collected by Handan College is an essential precious historical record for re- searching the North-China rural society. It can be regarded as an important folk document followed by the Dunhuang Document, Huizhou Document and Qingshui River Document. Taihang Mountains Document collects lots of glossaries of wordings more than 250 pieces, 7600 pages and 130 types. This document is characterized with classified codification, practicability, popularity, diversification in versions and types, promotion of Confucianism and Social Cultivation. As for the type of the document, its contents include agricultural production, commercial trade, education, culture, daily life, skills of folk crafts and local medical treatment; its nature can be divided into literacy, knowledge and morality; Its layout encompasses classified codification, no category compilation, image-text mix line and paraphrasing compilation. The glossaries of wordings collected in the Taihang Mountains Document are in urgent need of get- ting social attention and being utilized because they have unique research values in many fields such as in the history, education, lin- guistics, philology, folklore and sociology. Meanwhile, they have decisive value in popularizing the folk education and mass education in Ming and Qing Dynasty in China. Besides they can be spread and make further development of the children education and traditional cultural education so as to carry forward and inherit the cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.