论宋代祖国内地和藏区主要经济关系的性质问题

On the Economic Relations of Inland China and Tibet in the Song Dynasty

宋代的祖国内地和藏区的经济关系主要是茶马经济往来。这些茶马经济关系,既有官方之间的贡赐关系,也有民间自发的商品交换。已有的研究成果,对于唐宋以来的祖国内地和藏区的茶马等经济关系,不加区分地都称之为"汉藏茶马贸易""茶马互市""贡赐贸易"等。文章提出,从经济性质上看,贡赐关系不属于贸易或互市,而是属于财税或准财税关系,尤其是自唐末吐蕃政权瓦解以后,祖国内地和青藏高原吐蕃部族政权之间的茶马贡赐关系就更不宜称之为"茶马贸易";官方垄断的不等价茶马交换也不是纯贸易关系,只有民间茶马交换才属于茶马贸易或茶马互市。正是具有准财税性质的贡赐关系为元代中央对西藏实现直接行政管辖奠定了经济基础。研究旨在重新梳理和审视相关史实的基础上,依据贸易经济学和公共经济学的相关概念,对宋代内地和藏区的茶马等经济关系的性质重新予以分类界定。

In the Song dynasty, Tea-horse trade was the main part of the economic relations of inland China and Tibet. The tea-horse economic relations was official tributing and granting relations, and also contained people＇ s spontaneous commodity exchanges, but the existing research results did not distinguish the economic relations of inland China and Tibet since the Tang and Song dynasty, just collectively called the relations as ＂Han-Tibetan tea-horse Trade＂ or ＂Tea-Horse Trade＂ or ＂Tributing and Granting Trade＂ and so on. But we know that official tributing and granting relations have nothing to do with trade economically, instead, it more likes finance and tax- ation relations. Therefore, the article, based on the concept of trade economics and public economics, discusses the nature of the economic relations of inland China and Tibet in the Song dynasty, then defines and classified the relations.