青藏高原游牧文化的特征及其与丝绸之路的关系

On the Characteristics of the Tibetan Plateau Nomadic Culture and its Relationship with the Silk Road

青藏高原上藏族及其先民的文化属于一种特殊类型的游牧文化,从吐蕃时期开始,逐渐发展出了一种特殊的"农牧分营"型的游牧文化,这在很大程度上减轻了对于中原农耕民族农产品的依赖。在历史上,青藏高原上的游牧民族没有出现骤兴骤衰的现象,他们东向发展的重要动力来源之一就是游牧民族对草原和商业贸易的需求。正是由于青藏高原游牧文化的这些基本特征,使得这里的游牧民族对历史上丝绸之路,特别是对西南丝绸之路的长期控制和经营十分重视,也就使得古代西南丝绸之路一直持续到了近现代。

On the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, the ancient Tibetan culture was a special type of nomadic culture as since the times of the Tubo, a special nomadic culture had developed, in which agriculture and animal husbandry were operated separately. It, to a large extent, eased Tibet＇ s dependence on the agricultural products from the Central Plain. In the history the nomadic people on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau have not experienced any sudden rise or fall, and one of important reasons of their eastward development was their needs of more grasslands and commercial trade. Thus, the nomadic people on the plateau attach great importance to the Silk Road, particularly to the control and operation of the road, which makes the southwest part of the ancient Silk Road exist to modern times.