从决战、抗战到败战、惨胜--1945年前后日中相互认识的转换

From Decisive Battle and Resistance Battle to Defeat and Pyrrhic Victory:Changes in Mutual Conception between Japan and China before and after 1945

接受《波茨坦公告》是1941年开始的日本对美英之间战争的终结,与此同时,也意味着1937年开始的日中战争的终结。不过,对日本来说,日中战争的终战并未让他们产生什么败战的实感。对中国来说,通过彻底的抗战打击了日本对中国领土及经济的野心,打败日军取得了胜利,但也付出了无数牺牲的代价("惨胜")。那么日中战争前后,究竟给日本的中国认识以及中国的日本认识带来了怎样的变化?战争的终结使日中间相互认识框架及认识途径发生了巨大改变。本文通过对从日中战争被纳入日本与美英的战争至终战的两年半,以及从战争结束至1949年新中国成立这近四年间,日中双方言论空间中的话语进行分析和对比,来澄清这一问题。

The acceptance of the Potsdam Proclamation marks the end not only of the Japanese war with the United States and the Great Britain starting from 1942,but also the Japanese war with China starting from 1937.However,the end of the war with China did not bring home to Japan the pain of being defeated. On the Chinese side,the war of resistance thwarted Japanese ambitions for Chinese territory and economy and brought the Japanese armies to their knees. However,measured by the sacrificial cost of innumerable lives,the Chinese had won but a Pyrrhic victory. What changes,then,were brought to the Japanese conception of China and the Chinese conception of Japan before and after the war? As a matter of fact,the end of the war witnessed a radical change in the framework and the way of knowing each other between Japan and China. This article will clarify this point by a comparative analysis on the exchanged remarks between Japan and China in the two and a half years after the war with China turned global as well as in the four years between the end of the war and the founding of New China in 1949.