美式强权和平的终结与自闭式民族主义--以西川长夫的“新”殖民主义论为中心

The End of Pax Americana and Self-closed Nationalism

亚太战争之后,日本失去了多民族帝国的地位。但随着1948年国民党在中国大陆的败北、冷战格局的出现,美国的政策调整将日本放在东亚反共桥头堡的位置上。在美国的倒退政策影响下,甲级战犯岸信介、笹川良一、正力松太郎等人复归政界,作为美国利益的拥护者,在美国中央情报局的指挥下,在日本国内乃至整个亚洲开始活动。结果导致日本虽失去殖民地,却作为美国的附庸,重新享受了作为帝国的待遇。由此,日本国民得以讴歌战后体制带来的繁荣,免除了"帝国的丧失"带来的耻辱体验和对帝国意识的反省。但进入20世纪90年代后,随着美式强权和平的终结和中国经济的成长,亚洲形势发生巨大变化。日本国民战后首次迎来不得不直面失去帝国的事态,催生了"自闭式民族主义"。多数日本国民依然否认日本殖民主义的残留和战争责任,极端恐惧走出日本国民共同体。

After the Asian-Pacific War,Japan lost its status as a multi-national empire. However,as the NationalParty in China's Mainland was defeated and the cold war pattern emerged,the United States adjusted its policyand shored up Japan as a bridgehead against communism in East Asia. Influenced by'reverse course'of the United States,some Japanese first- class criminals,such as Nobusuke Kishi,Ryoichi Sasakawa,MatsutarouShouriki,were restored to the political circle to advocate for US benefit and act on CIA's instructions in Japan or even in the entire Asia. As a result,although Japan lost its colonies,as a subsidiary to the United States it regained the glory as an empire. Thanks to all this,Japanese people could extol the prosperity brought about by the post-war system,without any shame for their loss as an empire or reflectionon their imperial consciousness.However,well into 1990 s,along with the end of Pax Americana and the rise of China's economy,Asia underwent a radical change. For the first time,Japanese people had to cometo terms with the loss of empire,and the situation gave rise to'self-closed nationalism.'Most Japanesepeople still deny the leftover of Japanese colonialism and Japan's war responsibility,harboring an extreme phobia of exiting what they consider to be the Japanese nationalcommunity.