共有金融:产权、情感和需求共同体——陕西白水社区发展项目的人类学个案研究

Common Possession Finance in Baishui:Property Right,Affect,and Commonwealth of Needs

本文通过对陕西白水县"社区发展基金"项目的分析,探讨了一种不同于资本主义金融的"共有金融"。其核心是以大家的共有之钱公平地为其中的每个人生钱。其特点主要表现为:第一,共有产权。在共有产权之下,没有利益追逐和资本剥削,是一种共有与个人所有的结合,它为马克思提出的"共同占有之下的个人所有制"提供了一个可能的实例。第二,共同的伦理和情感。这些包括基于拥有感的在认知和心理层面的主体建设,以及基于熟人社会中亲情的社会伦理。第三,平等主义的需求共同体。其平等主义体现在一系列的民主协商、监督和分配机制中。此外,成员彼此需求的这个共同体摆脱了"欠"与"还"的债务观念,转向了一种互惠的共生观念。

Through an analysis of the community developmental fund(CDF)of Baishui County,this article explores a kind of'common possession finance'that is different from capitalist finance. Its core principle:usingthe commonly possessed money in a fair and just way for each and every member to earn more money. Its has three major components. First,commonly possessed property right. Under common possession of property right,there is no greedy pursuit for benefit and no capital exploitation. Combining common possession with individual ownership,it provides a feasible case for Marx's idea of'individual property based on the common possession.'Second,commonly shared ethics and affect,including subjects formation based on the feeling of possessiveness and common possession ethics derived from acquaintance societies. Third,an egalitarian commonwealth of needs. Its egalitarianism is represented in a series of deliberative democracy,supervision and system of distribution. Moreover,in a commonwealth whose members are in need of each other,the idea of owing and repaying debt is thrown off,giving place to the idea of reciprocal altruism and symbiosis.