劳动力市场视角下高校毕业生过度教育收入效应研究——基于全国28所高校毕业生的抽样调查数据

Study on the Income Effects of College Graduates' Over-education from the Perspective of Labor Market——Based on the Survey Data of 28 College Graduates Nationwide

基于全国28所高校的抽样调查数据,以劳动力市场供求关系为切入点,通过建立明瑟收入函数模型,将样本变量按照性别、专业、学历、工作单位、就业区域五个类别对高校毕业生的过度教育收入效应进行测算。实证分析结果表明,过度教育使得个人教育投资的边际收益递减,学历越高,过度教育的收益损失率也会随之提升;专业性越强的毕业生在就业市场上的优势越明显,越不容易出现过度教育现象;公共部门的过度教育收益率要高于私立部门,但是公共部门容易出现过度教育的现象,而私立部门则容易出现教育不足问题;高校女性毕业生过度教育损失率和教育不足损失率均高于男性毕业生;东部地区更容易发生过度教育,且东部地区的过度教育收益率高于中部和西部地区。

Taking the supply and demand of labor market as the starting point, by establishing Mincer earnings function model, this paper analyzed influenced factors of the income effect of over-education college graduates based on the survey data of 28 universities according to the variables of gender, profession, education, workplace and employment area. The empirical results show that： over-education makes marginal gains of individual educational investment decline, the higher the degree, the rate of loss of revenue will increase as a result of over-education; differentiation trend of the labor market is clearly the stronger of the professional graduate employment, the more obvious advantages of the market, the less prone to over-education phenomenon; excessive returns to education in the public sector than the private sector, but the public sector is prone to over-education phenomenon, and the private sector is less prone to health education; the over-education loss rate and the loss rate of less education of female college graduates were higher than male graduates; more likely to occur over the eastern part of education, income and education over the eastern region is higher than the central and western regions.