鼻病毒感染与支气管哮喘研究进展

Research progress of rhinovirus infection and asthma

近年来，支气管哮喘（哮喘）病死率有所下降，但发病率仍不断攀升，且至今尚无有效治愈的方法。呼吸道病毒感染是哮喘急性发作和加重的首要原因，尤其以鼻病毒（RV）A型和C型感染最为常见。婴儿早期RV感染可增加日后哮喘发生的风险；同时，RV感染所导致的免疫应答异常、激活Ⅱ型固有淋巴样细胞促进Th2细胞介导的炎性反应、抑制调节性T淋巴细胞（Treg细胞）的生成导致Treg／Th2细胞失衡等机制与哮喘急性发作、加重密切相关。针对RV危险血清型的疫苗与抗体研究策略，有望为哮喘提供新的治疗靶点。

Despite falling mortality rates, increasing prevalence of asthma persists and there is still no available therapeutic regimens can cure asthma. Infection with respiratory viruses, especially human rhinovirus （RV） -A and RV - C, is a major risk factor for asthma exacerbations. There is increasing evidence linking RV infection in infants to a subsequent diagnosis of childhood asthma. Meanwhile, RV can induce abnormal immune response, activate the type - 2 innate lymphoid cell leading to the enthanced type 2 inflammation and suppress the normal generation of regulatory T - cell（Treg cell） resulting in the imbalance of Treg/Th2, all of which conspire the acute asthma attacks and exacerbations. To explore and target the more asthmagenic RV subtypes for vaccination and antibodys research will lay the foun- dation for the targeted therapy.