现代社会的道德人格——论涂尔干的道德教育思想

Moral Personality of Modern Society:On Emile Durkheim's Moral Education Thought

本文尝试从人格的概念入手,来理解涂尔干道德教育的意图和实践。在涂尔干看来,现代社会危机的重要面向正是虚假的抽象理性和原子化个体对社会的疏离。但另一方面,试图抹消人格、强行赋予个人某种"整体性",也会造成狂热和集权。只有调和人格和社会之间的张力,令前者将后者纳入自身,超越主观抽象和任意,才能实现个体与社会的有机结合。而学校教育正是旨在培养健全的道德人格,使人尊重权威、亲爱朋友、拥有理性,从而与集体的道德生活相统一。

This paper focuses on the concept of personality to understand the intent and practice of Emile Durkheim's moral education thought.In Durkheim's social theory,an important dangerous aspect of modern society is the false abstract reason and atomized individuals who alienated with group and society.On the other hand,trying to eliminate the personality,we often impose some kind of ' holistic view' on people.This attempt can also cause enthusiasm and centralization of power.To reconcile the tension between personality and society,Durkheim tries to make personality incorporate the society in itself and surpass arbitrary,subjective abstraction.Individuals and society should achieve the state of organic combination in modern society.Therefore,the school of educational thought associated with Durkheim aims to cultivate a sound moral personality:the man who has a sound moral personality respect authorities,love friends and schoolmates and has a true sense of whole.In other words,he is united with collective moral life and society completely.