大学生满意度调查能告诉我们什么

What Can We Tell from Surveys on College Student Satisfaction

已有大学生满意度调查往往立足于"顾客—服务者"的视角,更多关注大学生对学校教育各项产品和服务等"客观"教育活动的评价,而忽视了学生在大学期间最应关注的问题是其本身的"成长和收获"。大学生自我成长和收获的满意度与其成长需要有关,也与学校教育发挥作用的效果有关。本文借鉴需要理论、大学生发展理论和学校影响力理论,利用清华大学教育研究院"中国大学生学习与发展追踪调查"2014年对全国大学生的调查数据,构建"大学生成长需要与学校教育影响力"分析框架。通过分析学生成长基本需要和学校教育影响作用两者的匹配水平与大学生成长和收获满意度的关系,本文发现,大学生成长和收获满意度调查可以反映学生成长过程中的核心需要以及学校促进学生发展最有价值的工作:一是为了契合学生社会性成长需要,改善学生与教师、同学、管理者等人员之间的关系;二是为了满足学生认知发展需要,提升有效教学实践、高影响力教育活动质量水平,并通过它们提高学生的学习兴趣和学习热情。

Existing surveys on college students' satisfaction in China are often designed from a 'customer service' perspective,in which colleges and universities are considered to be 'educational service' providers rather than 'educators.' Students' satisfaction relies largely on their perceived development and growth during college.Yet such development and growth are not only related to students' own needs and expectations,but also to the goals and values that higher education attempts to convey.Based on Maslow's 'Need hierarchy' theory,this study builds up a new framework combining student needs and college education goals to better understand college student satisfaction.Using data from the China College Student Survey(CCSS) from 2014,this study constructs measures of the student-college match at each level of the framework and explores their correlations with student self-reported satisfaction.It reveals that students' satisfaction is significantly related to their perceptions on how well the interpersonal relationships with peers,faculty,and others served their social development needs,and on how well the curriculum,teaching,and extra-curriculular educational activities served their cognitive development needs.These findings shed lights on the core needs of college students and the most valuable work colleges should do.