四川省南充地区变应性鼻炎患者变应原谱分析

Analysis of allergens distribution of patients with allergic rhinitis in Nanchong of Sichuan

目的：分析四川省南充地区变应性鼻炎（AR）患者的变应原分布情况,为预防、诊断、治疗及流行病学研究提供依据。方法：采用36种标准化变应原对四川省南充地区3 621例AR患者行皮肤点刺试验,分析变应原的总体分布情况;依据性别、年龄[分为4个组：A组（4-14岁）、B组（〉14-29岁）、C组（〉29-50岁）、D组（〉50岁）]和变应性疾病史进行分组,分析对比变应原的分布特点。结果：所有受试者中,皮肤点刺试验阳性率为73.73%;不同性别变应原阳性率之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。最多见的5种变应原分别为屋尘螨、粉尘螨、油菜花粉、法国梧桐花粉、猫毛,均为吸入性变应原;不同年龄组中,A组变应原阳性率分别与B、C、D组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;B组变应原阳性率分别与C、D组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;C组和D组之间阳性率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。有AR家族史、伴支气管哮喘和伴变应性肺炎的患者变应原阳性率分别高于其对应组别,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,伴荨麻疹和伴接触性皮炎组与对应组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：四川南充地区主要变应原均为吸入性变应原（屋尘螨、粉尘螨、油菜花粉、法国梧桐花粉、猫毛）。变应原阳性率与患者性别无关,与年龄、过敏疾病史（AR家族史、支气管哮喘史和变应性肺炎史）存在相关性。

Objective：To annalyze the allergens distribution of patients with allergic rhinitis in Nanchong of Sichuan,and to provide basic information for the prevention,diagnosis, treatment and epidemiological studies. Method：Skin prick tests with 36 kinds of standard allergens were used to 3 621 patients with allergic rhinitis. All the patients were divided into different group on the basis of gender, age and history of allergic disease. Result： Allergen positive rate prick test was 73.73% in all patients. There were no significant differences in allergen positive rate between different gender（P〉0.05）. The top five allergens were all inhaled allergens, such as House dust mites, dust mites, rape pollen, the French phoenix tree pollen, and cat hair. In different age groups, allergen positive rate of group A,was different from group B, group C and group D respectively（P〈0.05）. Group B was different from group C and group D respectively（P〈0.05）. There were no significant differences between group C and group D （P〉0.05）. The groups with family history of allergic rhinitis,bronchial asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis respectively were different from its counterpart （P〈0. 05）. And there were no significant differences between group with urticaria and group with contact dermatitis（P〉0.05）. Conclusion.. The main allergens were inhaled allergens in Nanchong of Sichuan, such as dust mites, pollen, dust mites, rape French phoenix tree pollen, cat hair. Allergen positive rate has nothing to do with gender. Allergen positive rate was connected with age, history of allergic diseases（family history of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma and a history of hypersensitivity pneumonitis）.