摘要
在城市化的发展过程中,生物多样性受到的影响日趋严重,因此开展这一方面的研究显得非常重要。以晋中盆地为研究对象,用随机抽样法选取86个村庄驻地、48个乡镇驻地及9个县市驻地,然后在各个驻地建成区内分别设置调查样方,运用Gleason丰富度指数、Whittaker Beta多样性指数、Jaccard相似性指数和t-检验对建成区内野生植物、栽培植物及总植物物种进行分析,同时探索总结植物多样性分异规律。结果表明:沿村庄-乡镇-县市梯度,野生植物平均丰富度降低,栽培植物平均丰富度增加,总植物物种平均丰富度先降低后增加;野生植物、栽培植物和总植物物种的β多样性指数均降低;植物相似度方面,村庄与乡镇的相似性最高,乡镇与县市次之,村庄与县市的相似性最低。同时,调查过程中发现,沿"村庄-乡镇-县市"梯度,城市化水平的差异与人为干扰强度的不同是引起盆地内植物多样性变化的重要原因。
Therefore, The increasing negative impact of urbanization on biodiversity underlines the importance of studies in this field. the present study focused on the effects of population distribution on plant diversity in the Jinzhong Basin. Overall, 86 villages, 48 towns, and 9 cities in the county were selected, and sampling plots were set up for plant surveys at each site. The Gleason index, the Whittaker Beta index, and the Jaccard similarity index were employed to discover patterns in regional biodiversity, and independent-sample t-tests were used to compare the patterns of wild and cultivated plants. Along the village-town-city gradient, the species richness decreased for wild plants, but increased for cultivated plants. The total plant richness for this gradient showed a bell-shaped curve, and the β-diversity index consistently decreased. The floral similarity was lower in villages compared to towns and cities, while it was also lower in towns compared to cities. The common species in the villages, towns, and cities were Digitaria sanguinalis, Setaria viridis, Rosa chinensis, and Salix babylonica. Whereas most wild plants belonged to the families Gramineae and Asteraceae, most cultivated plants belonged to the families Rosaceae and Salicaceae. This result suggests that the differential urbanization development and the anthropogenic disturbance in the Jinzhong Basin are the crucial factors in explmning the pattern of biodiversity differentiation in this region. German scholar Wittig Rudiger stated that if urbanization really is the cause of homogenization, "pure" urban habitats should show a greater degree of "pure" urban habitats of build-up areas urbanization, respectively.Furthermore, homogenization than mixtures of urban and non-urban habitats. In this study, the at city, town, and village investigation of wild plants level were affected by stronger, medium, and weaker and cultivated plants, which are two plant categories with different anthropogenic disturbance, can signify the plant diversity status throughout the process of urbanization in the Jinzhong Basin. The wild plants in the built-up area of the villages experienced little anthropogenic disturbance, as well as little introduction of cultivated plants. This resulted in no significant decrease in total species richness for the villages. In the built-up area of the towns, wild plant species richness was affected by the process of urbanization, whereas no additional cultivated plants were introduced. Both these factors lead to the decrease of the total species richness here. For the built-up area of the cities, the rapid urban development significantly affected the growth and distribution of wild plants. Furthermore, afforestation caused a large number of cultivated plants to be introduced to the cities' built-up areas. Finally, anthropogenic disturbance can decrease environmental heterogeneity in the built-up areas, while increasing the species similarity of the greening plants. On one hand, these processes increase total species richness, whereas on the other hand, they result in the homogenization of the species in the area. The results of this study could be useful for future developments, as they can provide referential data to improve the rationality and effectiveness of protecting biological plant diversity.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第20期6556-6564,共9页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31070424)