高水平职业足球运动员比赛技战术表现特征研究——以西班牙男子足球甲级联赛为例

A study of the characteristics of technical and tactical competition performance of high performance professional football players ——Taking Primera división de Liga for example

以西班牙男子足球甲级联赛380场比赛中5 288人次的技战术表现数据为研究对象。对高水平足球运动员的技战术比赛表现特征进行量化分析,旨在直观了解足球比赛技战术需求和发展趋势。采取方差分析的研究方法,按照场上位置将运动员分成边后卫、中后卫、边前卫、中前卫、前锋,对不同位置运动员和对来自不同实力球队的相同位置的运动员的比赛技战术表现进行对比。结果显示:不同位置足球运动员在24项比赛技战术指标上都表现出非常显著性差异(P<0.001);不同实力的参赛球队各位置运动员比赛技战术需求差异则体现在不同的技战术指标中。研究还在技战术数据分析的基础上探讨足球"大数据"挖掘的理论和分析层次,最后提出相关研究对于足球教练员、运动员、俱乐部管理人员和媒体从业人员的意义与价值。

The authors selected the data of technical and tactical performance of 5 288 person-times in 380 games in Primera division de Liga as their research subject, carried out a quantitative analysis on the characteristics of technical and tactical competition performance of high performance professional football players, so as to gain an intuitive insight into the technical and tactical competition needs and development trend of football. By using such a research method as vari-ance analysis, according to player positions in the field, the authors divided players into full backs, center backs, wing halves, center halves and forwards, compared the technical and tactical competition performance of the players at different positions and the players at the same positions but from strength different teams, and revealed the following findings： the football players at different positions showed very significant differences in all 24 technical and tactical competition in-dexes （P〈0.01）; while the differences of strength different competition participating teams’ technical and tactical competi-tion needs for the players at various positions showed in different technical and tactical indexes. Based technical and tacti-cal data analysis, the authors also probed into the football “big data” digging theory and analysis levels, and lastly, put for-ward related research’s significance and value for football coaches, players, club managers and media professionals.