简论库恩的范式思想及其变迁

Paradigm, Disciplinary Matrix and Hermeneutical Basis

目前范式这个概念在学界得到广泛应用,其中很多用法背离了库恩当初引进该术语的初衷。作为库恩哲学思想中最为重要的概念之一,范式在《科学革命的结构》中得到详细论述,因受到众多批评,1969年库恩以学科基质代替范式,后来库恩从解释学角度再度对范式做了说明,将范式与解释学基础相等同。到1980年代末更提出词汇系统概念。库恩的范式思想虽然经历了一系列变化,但其义旨基本保持如一。

Paradigm is one of the most important conceptions in Kuhn＇s philosophy. It first appeared in ＂Essential Tension＂ （ 1959 ） , and was elaborated in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions （ 1962 ） . 1969 saw the paradigm＇s substitution by disciplinary matrix. In 1989 Kuhn used the paradigm again, which was the synonym of ＇hermeneutical basis＇. As opposed to explicit knowledge and rule, the central meaning of paradigm is exemplar, model, or concrete puzzle-solution. From paradigm to disciplinary matrix, then hermeneutical basis, essentially Kuhn＇s fundamental idea remains unchanged.