实践理性视角下土家族“撒叶儿嗬”申遗行为的历史人类学解读

Interpretation of Historical Anthropology on the Behaviour of Declaring Tujia "Funeral Dance" to Be the World Intangible Cultural Heritage with the Perspective of Practical Reason

目前致力于非物质文化遗产保护研究的成果十分丰富,但把申报非物质文化遗产名录作为社会行为进行文化伦理的探讨却是一种新的尝试。该文突破了以往从内容、方法、机制、借鉴等内容进行研究的范式,以湖北省宜昌市长阳土家族自治县"撒叶儿嗬"申遗为个案,运用历史人类学口述史的方法,从马歇尔·萨林斯实践理性与文化理性的视角,对贯穿申遗行为四个阶段的文化理性和实践理性进行了剖析,探讨了两者之间的辩证关系,并最终强调文化理性的决定因素和道德价值。对申遗行为理性的探讨,将明晰人们对申遗的价值认识,使之更积极地参与到文化遗产的保护中,同时也能为相关理论研究提供知识标本和研究素材。

The research achievements in the protection of non-material cultural heritage are very plentiful at present, but it is a new attempt to make declaration for MOIHH as a social behavior and discuss the cultural ethics of this behavior. The paper broke through the research paradigm from the content, method, mechanism and reference in the past, it took ＂Tujia Funeral Dance＂ Declaration for MOIIhH（~） of Changyang Tujia Autonomous County as a case, and used a lot of ＂oral history＂ of the approach of historical anthropology, it analyzed the cultural reason and practical mason through four stages of declaration and explored the dialectical relationship between these two value ethics from the perspective of practical Reason and cultural reason of Marshall Sahlins, and then emphasized the determining factor and moral value of cultural reason finally. The discussion of reason will make people more clear about the value of declaration for MOIHH, it can make people more active in the protection of intangible cultural heritage and provide knowledge specimen and research material for related research field at the same time.