清代甘肃民间义赈——以地方志为中心的考察

The Nongovernmental Charity Relief of Gansu in Qing Dynasty——Study of Local Chronicles as the Center

甘肃地方志为考察清代甘肃民间义赈提供了丰富的史料资源。灾荒之际,各种形式的民间义赈开展起来,虽然在同治朝有数量的明显增加和内容的丰富,但是就整个清代甘肃历史而言,整体上却又处于长期落后的状态。不管怎样,民间义赈的开展,毕竟对地方灾民生存困境的缓解以及在地方士民中声誉的获得和形象的塑造都产生了一定的积极作用,它是由清代国家劝输政策、传统社会关系和家族美德等因素生成的。清代甘肃民间义赈是地方社会士民扶危济困面相的展现,是地方社会历史演进中自然灾害频繁、社会发展水平落后、社会治乱和传统文明留存的这些属性必然的反映。

The locai Chronicles of Gansu provided useful historical resources for Studying nongovernmental relief in Gansu during the Qing Dynasty. During the famine, various forms of the nongovernmental relief carried out. Although it was the number increased and the content of expansion in the Tongzhi dynasty, it was backward state on the whole in the long-term in terms of the history of Gansu in Qing Dynasty. Nongovemmental relief played main role in saving the lives of people and setting up reputation and producing historical images, also it was a guidance and encouragement of national transport policy in the Qing Dynasty and traditional social relationship construction and family virtues and inheritance of the form. Nongovernmental relief show the local society people face, and were deep endogenous attribute of inevitable external reflection which it was natural disasters and social development level backwardness and certain cultural heritage.