水文要素变异综合诊断

Hydrological Elements Comprehensive Detecting Variation

水文要素的变异将导致工程水文的一致性假设不复存在,给水利工程的规划、设计、运行管理和水资源的开发利用带来影响。因此,水文要素的变异诊断已成为水文学研究热点和重点问题之一。首先,定义了水文要素的变异点,区分了变异点与突变点的不同,并描述了其内涵;其次,基于无量纲化的均值和变差系数,提出了水文要素变异等级的划分方法;接着,系统总结和分析了国内外水文要素变异诊断的方法,包括传统的定性、定量诊断方法;然后,构建了水文要素变异综合诊断体系和方法,给出了综合诊断的4个步骤,即变异背景分析、变异点诊断、变异等级划分和综合诊断;最后,以渭河华县水文站径流变异诊断为例,对51 a的年径流序列进行了变异综合诊断体系和方法的验证,结果表明提出的综合诊断方法具有一定的科学性和合理性。

Under the conditions of hydrological elements variation,it will lead to the assumption of consistency no longer exists. It will affect the basic of the plan,design,operation and management of water conservancy projects. So,it has become the hot point and key questions in this study area. Firstly,it defined the variation points of hydrological elements,quantified the abrupt points and variation points and described its meaning. Secondly,on the basis of dimensionless dealing of mean values and CV,it proposed the hydrological variability classification methods. Then it took systematically analysis of each detecting methods,which included qualitative and quantitative detecting methods. It developed the comprehensive detecting variation system of hydrology,which could be divided into 4 steps of analyzing the reason of the variations,detecting the abrupt points,determining the variation classification and comprehensive test. And the last,choosing the stream-flow series of Huaxian Station in the Weihe River basin as an example,which had 51-year long annual stream-flow series,to verify the comprehensive detecting variation system of hydrology. The results indicate that the hydrological elements of comprehensive detecting variation have a certain scientific rationality.