小浪底水库泥沙淤积特性及减淤运用方式探讨

Discussion on the Characteristics of Sediment Deposition and Operation of Sediment Reduction of Xiaolangdi Reservoir

小浪底水库在初期运行管理中采用了调控水位、异重流排沙、调水调沙、相机降低水位排沙、拦粗排细等综合调度运行方式,对减少水库和下游河道的泥沙淤积取得了显著效果。截至2016年汛前,水库累计淤积泥沙30.97亿m3,库区泥沙淤积形态及下游河道过流能力均发生了较大变化,为进一步提高淤积库容的利用率、尽量延长淤积库容的使用年限,对水库泥沙重点监测内容、淤积形态调整、汛期限制水位、调水调沙清水用量等进行了探讨。

Xiaolangdi Reservoir adopted comprehensive dispatching operation schemes in the primeval management and operation,including water level regulation,density current for sediment ejection,water-sediment regulation,sediment ejection at low water level in the proper time,trapping the coarse sand and discharging the fine sand,which had achieved remarkable results in sediment reducing in the reservoir and downstream channel. As of the flood season in 2016,the accumulated volumes of sedimentation in Xiaolangdi Reservoir had reached to3. 097 billion m3. Since sedimentation patterns of the reservoir and flowing capacity of downstream river have been changed a lot,in order to increase utilization of the storage for sediment siltation and prolong fixed years of use,monitoring the key content of sediment deposition,adjusting sedimentation patterns,flood season limited water level and the amount of freshwater using in water-sediment regulation were discussed.