《联合国反腐败公约》视域下中国举报人保护法制发展分析

Development of Whistleblower Protection Law in China under UNCAC

《联合国反腐败公约》在第三十三条对保护举报人进行了专门规定,该规定不仅是对举报人在遏制贪污腐败犯罪和其他不法行为方面起到重要的作用肯定,也从一定程度上反映出目前大多数国家的举报人法制缺失或落后。我国在入约后,加快了举报人保护法制建设,并在国际上取得了较好的评价,但在执法实践中举报人遭遇打击报复与不公对待的现状并未得到有效的改变。通过对我国保护举报人现状的评价与分析,发现我国举报人保护法制依然处于较低水平,法制的象征性远大于实效性。文章通过对美国与马来西亚举报人法制进行系统的分析与总结,对建构我国举报人保护法制提出四点建议。

Article 33 of the United Nations Convention against Corruption （ UNCAC ） have specifically provided the protections for reporting persons, commonly referred to as whistleblowers. The Article not only serves a significant role in protecting whistleblowers who blow the whistle on corruption and other misconducts, it also reflects the inadequacy of domestic whistleblower protection law in numerous countries. The Chinese Government had accelerated the making of whistleblower protection legislations after it became a signatory to the UNCAC. Although the Chinese whistleblower protection law has received various recognitions and praises from various international organizations and foreign scholars, whistleblowers still suffer ruthless retaliations and unjustified treatments in China. The reevaluation of the Chinese whistleblower protection law shows that the Chinese whistleblower protection law has merely a “symbolic” character than an effective enforcement tool. Four measures has been proposed by this article for the development of the existing Chinese whistleblower protection law, by drawing lessons from the United States （ US） and Malaysia in whistleblower protections.