“合约相关者剩余”视角下的“封贡互市”协议

The “Feng Gong Hu Shi” agreement under the perspective of “Contract-holders' Surplus”

明蒙"封贡互市"协议之所以能结束明蒙双方长期对抗局面,有效地促进双方经济社会发展,从"合约相关者剩余"的视角看,是因为"封贡互市"协议为明朝政府、蒙古俺答政权、明朝人民和蒙古人民四大利益相关者创造了剩余。而"封贡互市"协议有效的边界条件,是明朝在边境的军事实力超过或者至少相当于蒙古。

Why is ＂Feng Gong Hu Shi＂ agreement able to end the long-term confrontation between Ming Dynasty and Mongolia, and able to promote effectively the economic and social development of both sides？ Seen from the perspective of ＂Contract-holders＇ surplus,＂ it is because the ＂Feng Gong Hu Shi＂ agreement could create surplus for four main stakeholders： the government of Ming Dynastry, the regime of Altan-Khan, the people of Ming Dynasty, and Mongolian people. And the boundary condition of the validity of the agreement is that the military strength of northern border of Ming Dynasty is exceeding or at least equivalent to that of Mongolia.