五四运动时期人文主义思潮之反思

Reflection on humanism in May 4th Movement

五四运动时期的文化转型,是广义的人文主义运动,由文化激进主义和文化保守主义在不同向度进行阐发和弘扬。文化激进主义者极端宣扬人道主义这一人文主义的特殊形态,结果出现了"外在人文主义"和"凡俗人文主义"的极端化。文化保守主义批判了文化激进主义的这一弊病,继承并发展了"精神性人文主义"的血脉,但它在激进主义的时代潮流中被忽视了。今天人文精神的贫困盖源于此。重建合理的人文主义必须注重其不同向度的辩证统一,以"凡俗人文主义"为基础,以"外在人文主义"为保障,以"精神性人文主义"为归宿,三者协调发展,辩证统一。

The cultural transformation in the period of May 4th movement, a humanist movement in the general sense, is explicated and propagated by cultural radicalism and cultural conservatism in different dimensions. Cultural radicalism advocates the special form of humanism： extreme humanitarianism, which leads humanism to the extreme of ＂external humanism＂ and ＂secular humanism.＂ The latter criticizes such ills, inherits and develops the ＂spiritual humanism,＂ but it turns to be ignored at that age of radicalism. To reconstruct reasonable humanism, we must pay attention to dialectical unity of its different dimensions with ＂secular humanism＂ as the basis, ＂external humanism＂ as the protection, and ＂spiritual humanism＂ as the destination. And the three of them coordinate with each other in development, and form a dialectical unity.