城市公共教育资源与人口空间分布匹配特征研究--以北京市为例

The Matching Feature of the Distribution of Public Education Resources and Population in Urban:Taking Beijing as an Example

近年来,由于人口和各种资源在大都市快速集聚,北京、上海、广州等中国大都市纷纷面临着人口疏解的难题。而教育等公共资源的空间协调配置,是城市健康发展和大都市多中心空间格局构建的重要支持。本文选取北京市公共教育资源为研究对象,研究其空间分布的特征。文章采用经济普查数据库和人口普查数据,在街道层面上利用区位商、空间基尼系数等指标研究各类教育资源空间分布的公平性。研究发现,北京市远郊区基础教育资源数量上充足,但规模较小;优质教育资源过于集中于城市核心区;大学教育资源分布也过于集中于特定区域。这些特征影响着北京市人口和功能的疏解以及城市空间公平与效率的提升,因此必须加快对北京市公共教育资源空间布局的调整。

In recent years,due to the rapid agglomeration of population and resources in Metropolitan,Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou and other Chinese cities have faced to ease the population problem.Space coordinated allocation of public resources,especially education resources,are important supports to the healthy development of the cities and the construction of the multi-center spatial pattern of metropolitan areas.This paper selects the educational resources of Beijing city public service as the research obj ect,and studies the characteristics of its spatial distribution.The paper uses economic census databases and census data,calculates location quotient,space Gini coefficient,and research the fairness of the spatial distribution of education resources on the street level.The study found that the quantity of elementary education resources of outer suburb district is adequate but on a smaller scale,and high quality education resources are concentrated in the urban core area too much, and also university education resources gathered in specific areas.These characteristics will hinder the evacuating of population and function and the improvement of equity and efficiency of urban space of Beijing.Therefore,it is necessary to speed up the adjustment of spatial distribution public education resources of Beijing.