生物碳的特性及其在农业上的应用研究进展

Current Research Advances of Biochar Characteristics and It's Application in Agriculture

生物碳是生物质原料在完全绝氧或部分缺氧条件下经高温热裂解产生的一类富碳、高度芳香化和高稳定性的固体产物。生物碳自身具有较高的稳定性,pH呈碱性特征和富含养分物质,以及具有保水、持留养分,改善土壤环境质量,有利于微生物繁殖等优点,对土壤物理化学性质的变化起着重要作用。本文介绍了生物碳的基本特性,综述了生物碳对土壤重金属污染的修复作用、对土壤的固氮/减排作用影响、对土壤物理化学性质的影响,以及对土壤有机质及矿质营养成分的影响,分析了目前生物碳在农业领域应用研究存在的问题和不足,并对未来生物质碳在农业领域应用研究的前景和方向进行了展望。

Biochar is a kind of carbon rich,highly aromatic and high stability solid products produced by high temperature pyrolysis under the condition of complete oxygen or partial anoxic condition. Biological carbon has high stability,alkaline pH and Nutrient rich,soil pore water and nutrients retaining property,and can improve soil environmental quality and promote microbial reproduction. It plays an important role in the changes of soil physical and chemical properties. In this paper the basic characteristics of the biochar was introduced,and the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by biological carbon,the effect of nitrogen fixation/emission reduction,the effect on soil physical and chemical properties,and the effect of soil organic matter and mineral nutrients were summarized. Besides,the current agricultural research existing problem and deficiency was analysis. Finally,the paper points out the future biochar in agricultural application of the prospect and direction.