广州地区不同栽培方式对蔬菜品质的影响研究

A Study on the Effects of Different Cultivation Methods on the Quality of the Vegetables in Guangzhou Area

通过纯有机肥、有机肥+土壤、无机肥+土壤和纯稻田土盆栽四种栽培方式,测定蔬菜鲜重、干重、株高、维生素C、叶绿素、可溶性糖等指标,研究比较有机栽种与常规栽种对我国南方叶菜产量和品质的影响.结果表明,4种不同的栽培方式各项指标均有显著差异.在无机肥+土壤处理下鲜重、干重、株高明显高于有机栽种方式,并在栽种期间能明显观察到作物生长迅速、发芽率高,收获期比有机栽培方式的短;有机栽培方式下蔬菜在品质方面具有优势,但产量上却不如常规栽培蔬菜.各处理方式对植物外部形态生长的促进作用顺序为:无机肥+土壤>有机肥+土壤>纯有机肥≈纯稻田土.实验数据表明实际生产中不同品种蔬菜适宜的种植方式与有机肥的种类、比例各不相同,适量的鸡粪有机肥对蔬菜生长和生理营养有促进作用,但是浓度过高反而抑制其生长和可溶性糖、维C、叶绿素的合成.

Four kinds of cultivation, pure organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer＋soil treatment, inorganic fertilizer ＋ soil treatment and pure paddy soil treatment were designed to study the different influence on the quality of the southern leafy vegetables under organic planting and conventional planting. The fresh weight, dry weight, plant height, vitamin C, chlorophyll, soluble sugar and other indicators were measured. The results showed that the differences were significant in vegetables cultivated under four kinds of cultivation. With the inorganic fertilizer 4- soil cultivation,vegetables got the significantly higher fresh weight, dry weight, plant height and plant growth rate than those with organic cultivation, but the contents of vitamin C and soluble sugar were lower than those in the organic cultivation. Vegetables with organic cultivation have advantages in the quality, but the yield is not as good as that with conventional cultivation.The sequenle of plant growth pranting action under different treatment is as below, inorganic fertilizer＋soil〉organic fertilizer＋soil〉pure organic fertilizer≈pure paddy soil. The results showed that different cultivation methods will affect the yield and quality of the vegetables. The appropriate amount of chicken manure organic fertilizer have positive effects on growth and physiological nutrition of vegetables, but high concentration would inhibit its growth and soluble sugar, vitamin C and chlorophyll synthesis in the actual production.