普通话能力对中国劳动者收入的影响

A Research of the Impact of Mandarin on Chinese Workers

语言作为一种人力资本,它对收入很可能会产生重要的作用。本文采用中国家庭动态跟踪调查(CFPS)、中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)以及中国综合社会调查(CGSS)三套中国的综合数据,检验了普通话能力对劳动者收入的影响。结果发现,总体上,普通话以及单项能力(听和说)都会对劳动者收入产生比较显著的影响,在考虑了内生性之后,结论未变。进一步发现,普通话对服务业从业人员的工资有显著提升作用,但是对其他行业的影响则不显著。另外,普通话对城镇劳动者收入的影响比较显著,对农村劳动者收入的影响并不显著。此外,普通话能力在南方的作用相对北方要更大一些,且普通话对跨方言流动人口的影响要大于对方言区内人口的影响。

As a form of human capital, language, is likely to have an important effect on income. In this paper, we use three sets of Chinese comprehensive data：the CFPS, CLDS and CGSS and test the impact of the ability of mandarin on the income of workers. We find that on the whole, mandarin and individual ability （listening and speaking ） will increase the workers＇ income significantly which is robust while considering endogenous variable. Further, it is found that mandarin has a significant effect on the wages of service workers, but not for other industries. In addition, the impact of mandarin on the income of urban workers is also significant, while the impact on rural labor income is not significant. In addition, the effect of Mandarin in the south is larger than that in the north, and the influence of Mandarin on the floating population from different dialect area is greater than that of the population in the same dialect area.