2013-2014年淮安市禽类职业暴露人群及外环境禽流感病毒监测分析

Surveillance of avian influenza virus in poultry workers and environment in Huai′an, 2013-2014

目的了解淮安市禽类职业暴露人群H5N1禽流感病毒抗体水平和外环境中禽流感病毒的分布和流行情况。方法 2013、2014年在淮安地区范围内,采集禽类职业暴露人群血清200份,用血凝抑制法测H5N1血凝素抗体滴度;采集423份外环境标本,用Real-time PCR法进行Flu A、H5N1、H7N9、H9N2病毒核酸检测。结果 2013-2014年淮安市禽类职业暴露人群200份血清H5N1血凝素抗体均为阴性。外环境样本禽流感病毒核酸阳性率为6.15%,活禽交易市场、家禽散养户、家禽养殖场这三类外环境样本禽流感病毒核酸阳性率分别为10.18%、2.82%和4.38%,不同监测场所外环境样本禽流感病毒核酸阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.050,P<0.05)。结论淮安地区禽类职业暴露人群血清标本中未检出H5N1抗体阳性标本,禽流感感染风险主要集中在活禽交易市场。

Objective To explore the antibody levels of H5N1 avian influenza virus among poultry workers and the virus distribution in Huai′an, Jiangsu province. Methods 200 serum samples collected from poultry workers and 423 environmental samples were tested for avian influenza A viruses, subtype H5N1, H7N9, H9N2 in Huai′an from 2013 to 2014. Results All of 200 serum samples from poultry workers were negative for H5N1 antibody. For avian influenza virus tape A , the positive rate of 423 environmental samples was 6.15%. In the live poultry markets, poultry farms and poultry packing factories, the positive rates for type A influenza in the environmental sample were 10.18%, 2.82%and 4.38%, respectively. The positive rates of type A influenza of different monitoring sites environmental samples showed significant differences （Fisher Exact Testχ2=8.050, P〈0.05）. Conclusion The antibody positive sample of avian influenza virus type H5N1 was not found in occupational exposure population. The risk of avian influenza infection was mainly concentrated in live poultry markets environment.