论《魏玛宪法》总统紧急权力与希特勒专制独裁

The President's Power in Emergency in Weimar Constitution and Hitler's Despotic Dictatorship

《魏玛宪法》是在德国一战失败、国内遭遇革命的基础上诞生的,一开始就存在着不足。就其对人民权利的保障及国家机构的运行来说,它是20世纪最民主的宪法。但其运行机制中赋予总统的紧急权力却产生了严重的弊端,共和国总统、总理对紧急权力的滥用,为希特勒的上台提供了一定的条件,更为希特勒的独裁专制开了先例。

Weimar Constitution came into being in Germany at the failure in World War I. It was the most democratic constitution in the 20 th century in terms of protection of people＇s rights and operation of state apparatus. However,the President＇s power to handle emergencies in its operating mechanism resulted in the President＇s abuse of power which gave rise to Hitler＇s coming to power and his later arbitrary dictation.