作为外在感性表象的自由——康德的“自由感”解析

Freedom as the Representation of External Perception—An Analysis of Kant's Sense of Freedom

在审美领域,康德的自由感是一种无利害的自由愉悦之感。自由感在与权利概念相类比之后,会使人将自由当作自身的权利并且产生一种对于自由占有的欲望。自由感的本质只是自由的感性表象,是自由在人这里以情感方式的体现和感受,它只是一种低层次的情感表象。作为低层次,无法成为理性或道德本源上的自由,而只能是对本体自由的类比和暗示。因此,它不应具有与先验自由和实践自由同等的地位,不能作为康德自由理论的第三个层次。

Kant＇s sense of freedom in aesthetic field refers to the feelings of freedom and joviality without any gains and losses. An analogy between freedom and right indicates that people tend to have strong desire for freedom because they consider it as their own right. However,people＇s sense of freedom is essentially a low- level perceptual performance which is far from the ultimate source of freedom in reasonable and moral level. Therefore,Kant＇s sense of freedom is not in the same breath as transcendental freedom and practical freedom and is not Kant＇s freedom theory in the third level.