“反、倒、反倒、反而”辨察

A Contrastive Study on Four Synonyms:"Fǎn(反)","Dào(倒)","Fǎndào(反倒)",and "Fǎn'ér(反而)"

"反而"组同义词在ABCD四段出现与否的表达中,BD两段式基本不被接受,ABCD四段式的用例很少,语义互补的B段与C段相较而言,B段更多地被隐而不现,说明B段与C段缺乏同时出现的必要性。"反"的语用环境偏于精练,故两段式和一段式的表达较多,且常用于被动句;"倒"的表现形式较为简单,主要集中在两段式和一段式中;"反倒"表现形式丰富而用例不多。"反而"的使用频率比另三个词的总和还多,"反而"用于ACD式、AD式、D式呈递降趋势,而另三个词则都是AD式、D式的使用频率高于ACD式,可能是很正式的"反"和口语化的"倒""反倒"更加倾向于简约化的表达。

Each of the following four words in the 'Fǎn'ér(反而)' group is used at a very different frequency,and tends to be different depending on how the four sections of ABCD appear in the context.Their main differences are as follows:1) 'Fǎn(反)' is only used on formal writing and appears to be concise in its context;2) 'dào(倒)' is mainly used colloquially in a relatively simple way;3) 'Fǎndào(反倒)' is also mainly used colloquially but in various forms;and 4) 'Fǎn'ér(反而)' is used as both formal and informal expressions and has the highest frequency of this group,higher than the other three words combined.