基于水肥耦合效应的苹果精量灌溉制度研究

Study of water and fertilizer couping on precise irrigation program

针对宁夏中部干旱带苹果水肥利用效率低的问题,以5a生滴灌苹果为研究对象,分析不同水肥处理条件下滴灌苹果根区土壤水分动态、耗水规律和水分生产效率。得出在枯水年型下苹果水肥耦合滴灌灌溉制度为灌溉定额3300m^3/hm^2,灌水次数12次,其中萌芽开花期2次,落花后2次,花芽分化期2次,果实膨大期3次,成熟期2次,落叶期1次。施肥定额705kg/hm^2,肥料配比N∶P2O5∶K_2O为12∶7∶13,施肥7次,其中萌芽期施肥1次,落花后2次,花芽分化期1次,果实膨大期2次,成熟期1次。在该水肥耦合灌溉制度下5a生新红星苹果产量为6237kg/hm^2,灌溉水利用效率为1.89kg/m^3;水分生产效率为1.21kg/m^3。

To solve the low utilization efficiency of apple water and fertilizer in Ningxia middle arid area, taking apple as study subjects whose life cycle is two years long, analyzing apple root zone soil moisture dynamics, dynamic regulation of water consumption and water use efficiency of apple of different water and nitrogen applied level under the condition of drip irrigation. The result show that. an drip irrigation program of water and fertilizer couping for apple is proposed, which the irrigation quota is 3520 ma/hm^2, irrigation time is 12 times, with two times at the early stage of the flower, the later stage of the flower and the flower bud differentiation, three times at rapid growing stage of young fruit, two times at the mature stage, one time at leaf senescence stage. Fertilization quota is 705 m^3/hm^2, The ratio of fertilizer of N, P2O5 and K2O is 12 ： 7 ： 13 , fertilization frequency is 7 times, with one time at the early stage of the flower, two times at the later stage of the flower, one time at the flower bud differentiation, two times at rapid growing stage of young fruit, one time at the mature stage. Under this drip irrigation program for apple which life cycle is five years, the production is 6237 kg/hm^2, irrigation water use efficiency is 1.89 kg/m^3, water production efficiency is 1.21 kg/m^3.