从宋版“京城四图”看临安城基本保障系统的构建

A survey of the construction of basic security system at the Lin'an City mapped in the Song version of the“Four Maps of the Capital”

对于南宋王朝来说,京城临安始终是一个"宜居"之城,除了高宗之外,在临安登基的皇帝几乎没有离开过京城范围,而集聚京城的人口也与日俱增。借助宋版"京城四图"的复原,本文试以"读图"方式,通过城市地理要素在《皇城图》、《京城图》、《西湖图》《浙江图》等地图上直观而准确的反映,从城市最基本的保障系统的空间布局上,解析临安城富有层次、甚为完备的城市功能设置,以及遵从自然和人文特点所形成的甚为合理的城市发展模式,从而解答了当年临安城为何会成为"宜居"之城的原因。临安城的功能布局和发展模式,思路清晰,布置得当,在当时的历史和自然条件下,堪称城市发展的典范。

For the emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty, Lin'an, the capital, had been always being a city 'agreeable for living'. Except for the Emperor Gaozong, the other emperors taking throne there almost never left the city,and its population kept on increasing. By'studying maps'with the help from restoration of the Song version of the 'four maps of the capital', and through clear and correct markings of the geographic elements on the'Imperial City Map', 'Map of the Capital','Map of the Xihu Lake' and 'Map of Zhejiang', the author tries to analyse the perfect arrangements of the different function zones with various layers in the spatial layout for a basic security system of the city, and describes the quite reasonable way of its expansion based on the physical and cultural characteristics. From the analysis, the author gives an answer to the question why Lin'an had become a city 'agreeable for living'.There was a lucid brain in the plan for the arrangements of the function zones of the city and the way of its expansion, and the arrangements were proper. It can been seen as a model for expansion of cities under the historical and natural conditions at that time.