载流电枢与感应电枢电磁线圈发射器系统特性比较

Comparison of System Characteristics between Current and Induction Armature in Electromagnetic Coil Launcher

电枢是电磁线圈发射器的关键能量转换部分,针对感应实体电枢、感应线圈电枢、串联载流线圈电枢和并联载流线圈电枢4种电磁发射器的发射原理和结构特点,推导了4种发射器的系统数学模型。根据等效电路方法,利用MATLAB建立仿真系统,对影响电磁线圈发射器系统特性的电枢尺寸、实体电枢材料、线圈电枢线径、电枢初始位置与初速度、多级发射器电枢位置序列等因素进行了仿真计算和比较分析。结果表明:感应电枢发射器在初级和末级驱动线圈电流下降阶段存在磁力拖拽效应,使得发射体速度在发射管出口处下降明显,而载流电枢发射器不存在拖拽效应;增大感应线圈电枢和串联载流线圈电枢线径,或减小并联载流线圈电枢线径,可以有效提高发射出口速度;载流电枢适用于低速较少级数发射系统。研究方法和结论对电磁发射器电枢结构选择和方案设计具有一定的指导意义。

An armature is the key component in the device for energy exchange in an electromagnetic coil launcher （EMCL）. In this work,in view of their working principle and structural characteristics, mathematical models of the induction solid armature launcher （ISAL）,induction coil armature launcher （ICAL） ,series current coil armature launcher （SCCAL） and parallel current coil armature launcher （PCCAL）, were deduced,and their simulation system was built with MATLAB based on the equal circuit method so that their performances as an electromagnetic launcher were examined and compared. A series of parameters including the dimension and material of the solid armature, the diameter of the winding coil armature, the initial velocity and the initial position of the armature, the positions order of the armature in a multi-stage launcher were simulated and analyzed. The conclusions reached show that a pulling effect exists in the initial and the last stages of the ISAL and ICAL that leads to the decrease of the muzzle velocity of the armature and the payloads, that no pulling effect occurs in current coil armature launcher （CCAL）,that the muzzle velocity can be improved when the diameter of the armature of ICAL and SCCAL increases and the diameter of the coil armature of the PCCAL decreases, and that CCAL is more suitable for accelerating the payload at a low velocity with a launcher of fewer stages. Our work is of great significance for guiding the selection and design of the armature structure.