从神灵“移民”看民间信仰的传承动力与演化逻辑

On the Inheritance and Evolvement Logic of Folk Beliefs from Immigrants

辽西地区的"李龙王赶香烟"信仰活动源于山东的"秃尾巴老李"信仰,山东移民将其载携"出关"后,在沿袭原有文化记忆的基础上,依循文化固有逻辑,对这一民间信仰予以重新建构,并最终在辽西生根扩布。在融入当地的文化调适中,这一信仰仪式由"静"到"动"发生着演化,生动地体现了民间信仰作为一种象征性的文化资源,在闯关东移民群体的文化建构中的认同功能,凸显出民间信仰所具有的文化策略本质。以民间信仰的建构与演化机制来看,在生成与传承演化的进程中,信仰的持有主体一般都能根据外部生境的变化,自觉运用原有的文化经验和民间智慧,将原生文化所建构的信仰象征符号以及权力话语予以巧妙地调适,使其成为新的生存环境中民众能够接受和认同的地方性知识,并且会根据本群体以往的集体记忆和对原来的信仰事实的理解,重新建构起一种具有地方性和本族群文化属性的民间信仰话语体系。

The belief activity of 'Dragon King Li catching the burning incense' in the west of Liaoning Province originated from the belief of 'bald tail' religion in Shandong. Shandong immigrants had brought this tradition to the Northeast, following the original cultural memory, based on the inherent logic of culture, they made the folk belief bere-constructed, and finally take root and expand in western Liaoning. In the integration of local cultural adjustment, the belief ceremony evolved from 'static' state to 'dynamic' one, and vividly embodied the function of folk belief as asymbolic cultural resource in the cultural construction of the immigrant group, showed the cultural strategy essence offolk belief. According to the construction and evolution mechanism of folk belief, the main body of the belief can generally use the original cultural experience and folk wisdom according to the change of the external habitat in the course of generation and inheritance and evolution. The symbols of faith and the discourse of power are intelligently adapted to become local knowledge that can be received and recognized by the people in the new habitat, and will be based on the original collective memory of the group, to reconstruct the folk belief discourse system which has the local and the cultural attribute of the ethnic group.