有害甲藻孢囊的分类鉴定研究进展

Research progress on identification of harmful dinoflagellate cysts:A review

有害甲藻孢囊主要是指能产生毒素和(或)能引起有害藻华发生并对水生态系统产生各种危害效应的甲藻孢囊。我国沿海共记录了10属18种,占全球有害甲藻孢囊的3/4。这些有害甲藻孢囊广泛分布于我国沿海,会对水产养殖业造成严重的经济损失,甚至会威胁人类的身体健康。因此,有害甲藻孢囊的多样性及分布越来越受到人们的关注。对有害甲藻孢囊的准确判断不仅对研究其多样性及分布至关重要,而且有助于水产品的安全检验和有害藻华的早期预警。对有害甲藻孢囊的分类主要存在鉴定困难、鉴定不准确等问题。本文综述了有害甲藻孢囊的危害、中国沿海有害甲藻孢囊的种类和分布,以及有害甲藻孢囊的鉴定等3个方面的研究进展,并提出利用孢囊及营养细胞的形态学特征、分子生物学、毒理学等多学科研究手段准确鉴定有害甲藻孢囊的建议。

Harmful dinoflagellate cysts refer to cysts derived from dinoflagellates that can produce toxins and （o r ） cause harmful di-noflagellate blooms. So far, 18 species in 10 genera have been recorded along coasts of China seas, accounting for three quarters of the total number of harmful dinoflagellate cysts globally. These harmful dinoflagellate cysts are ＂widely distributed along Chinese coasts. Harmful dinoflagellate cysts largely threaten marine ecosystems, aquaculture industries and even human health. Consequent-ly, the study of diversity and distributions of harmful dinoflagellate cysts has become a hotspot in marine biology and ecology. The i-dentification of harmful dinoflagellate cysts is crucial for sea food safety inspection and prediction of harmful dinoflagellate blooms. However, accurate identification represents a big challenge, mainly owing to limited available morphological features of harmful di-noflagellate cysts. Here we review research progress on har^mful dinoflagellate cysts on Chinese coasts, including their negative im-pacts, diversity and geographical distributions, and species identification of harmful dinofagellate cysts. In addition, we suggest that it is nececarry to ultilize multiple methods including those based on morphology and molecular biology, as well as methods based on toxicology and reproductive biology, to accurately identify harmful dinoflagellate cysts.