6～10周岁正视儿童黄斑及脉络膜厚度变化的研究

Evaluation of retinal and choroidal thickness on emmetropic children aged 6 to 10 years

目的 通过检测6-10周岁正视儿童黄斑及脉络膜厚度的变化并分析其与年龄、眼轴的相关性,探讨正视儿童眼底结构的变化及影响因素。方法 选取6-10周岁正视儿童90例（180眼）,采用光学相干断层扫描进行包括黄斑区视网膜9个分区及中心凹下脉络膜厚度（SFCT）检测,并对SFCT与受检儿童年龄、眼轴的关系进行相关分析。结果 受检儿童右眼SFCT为（338.28±32.50）μm,中心凹1mm区域厚度（CSF）为（255.96±18.06）μm,中心凹中点厚度（CPT）为（214.05±14.71）μm;左眼SFCT为（338.22±32.22）μm,CSF为（256.82±17.86）μm,CPT为（213.70±15.03）μm;左、右眼SFCT、CSF、CPT比较均无统计学差异（均P〉0.05）。男性与女性受检儿童右眼黄斑及脉络膜厚度比较均无统计学差异（均P〉0.05）。各年龄段受检儿童右眼CSF、CPT比较均无统计学差异（均P〉0.05）,而SFCT比较有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。受检儿童右眼CSF与年龄、CPT均呈正相关（r=0.229、0.765,均P〈0.05）,而SFCT与年龄、眼轴均呈负相关（r=-0.568、-0.297,均P〈0.05）。结论 性别对6-10周岁正视儿童黄斑及脉络膜厚度无明显影响;而随着儿童年龄与眼轴的不断增长,SFCT呈变薄趋势。

Objective To evaluate the macular and choroid thickness and the related factors in emmetropic children aged 6 to 10 years by optical coherence tomography （OCT）. Methods Ninety emmetropic children aged 6-10 years old （180 eyes）were included in the study. The thickness of the9 regions of macula and subfovea choroid thickness （SFCT） were measured by OCT, and the relationship of SFCT with the age and axial length of the children was analyzed. Results In the right eye, the SFCT was （338.28±32.50）μm, the average thickness of 1mm from central foveal subfield （CSF） was （255.96±18.06）μm, and the central point thickness （CPT） was （214.05±14.71） μm. In the left eye, the SFCT was （338.22±32.22）μm, the average thickness of the 1mm from central foveal subfield was 256.82±17.86μm, and the CPT was （213.70±15.03）μm. No significant difference was found between left and right eye in retinal and choroidal thickness. There was no significant difference in macular and choroidthickness between males and females. There were no significant differences in CSF（P〉0.05） and CPT（P〉0.05）, but there wassignificant difference in SFCT（P〈0.05） among all age groups. The CSF was significantly correlated with age and CPT（r=0.229and 0.765, P〈0.05）, while SFCT was negatively correlated with age and axial length（r=-0.568 and -0.297, P〈0.05）. Conclusion The gender may not affect the macular and choroid thickness in children aged 6 to 10 years, however, the SFCT becomes thinner with the increasing of age and axial length of children.