资本主义的普遍性附魅和祛魅——马克思早期政治哲学的策略和变奏

The Enchantment and Disenchantment of Universality: A Study of the Strategy and Variation of Marxian Early Political Philosophy

为自己的政治立场附魅上一种普遍性外观,用一种抽象的和非历史性的视角来理解现实社会和政治,这是资本主义政治思想的特点。早期马克思通过自己的政治立场揭示了资产阶级在政治解放和意识形态两方面的普遍性附魅以及资本的普遍性附魅事实,这是他建立自己的政治哲学的一个策略。在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》和《德意志意识形态》中,马克思依次阐述了现实个人与社会关系之间普遍性的和特殊性的相生相成关系,最终确立了从历史性和特殊性的角度来理解现实政治的哲学立场,对资本主义的普遍性附魅进行了彻底的祛魅,并为构建马克思政治哲学提供了重要的条件。

The feature of the bourgeois political theory is that they enchant their political stand and claim they are universal,and think about the realistic society and politics from the abstract and non-historical view.The young Marx exposed the false appearances of the universality enchantment of the bourgeois ideology and the capital by expounding his political stand.It was the strategy that Marx tried to establish his political philosophy.In the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 and the German Ideology,Marx elaborated on the universal and particular relationship between the realistic individuals and the social relations.He established finally the historical materialism and thought the realistic politics from the historical and particular perspective,the universality enchantment of the bourgeoisie was disenchanted thoroughly.