安史之乱是词体兴起的重要机缘

An-shi Rebellion As an Important Opportunity for the Rise of Ci Literature

词体文学产生于盛唐宫廷文化氛围中,无论从音乐角度还是从词作者角度来看,只有盛唐宫廷文化为词体发生提供了条件。唐代乐人主要围绕宫廷和官府而存在,乐人与文人合作的酒筵游戏环境更是围绕宫廷和官府展开。民间既不存在孕育词的音乐系统,也不存在有能力依调填词的词作者,近百年来流行的词体起源于民间说是没有根据的。词体文学的兴起与成立,与安史之乱造成的唐代社会动荡密切相关。安史之乱以后,唐王朝走向衰微,方镇势力崛起,唐宫廷数次遣散乐人,乐人散落幕府,原本熟悉宫廷文化的文人士大夫将词体创作带入地方。安史之乱后的宫廷音乐文化凋敝,实际上是宫廷音乐文化传播不断下移的过程,而这正是词体兴起的重要机缘。

Ci literature Originated in the prosperous imperial culture in the Prosperous Tang Dynasty.Whether from the point of view of music or from the author of Ci,only the Prosperous Tang Dynasty imperial palace culture provided the conditions for the occurrence of Ci.Tang Musicians and literati lived around the palace and officials,while the banquets and games they had with the officials also occurred in the palaces.There was neither music system nurturing Ci literature,nor the authors with the ability to write Ci according to melody.The view that Ci was originated from folklores in the past one hundred years was groundless.The rise and the establishment of Ci literature was closely related with the social unrest caused by An-shi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty.After the rebellion,Tang Dynasty moved downwards,while the local power was rising,and the musician and literati dispersed to the shogunates of Fangzhen.The literati of having court culture brought the creation of th Ci to the shogunates.After An-shi Rebellion,the court music culture also declined,which was virtually the downward process of court music culture communication and also an important opportunity of the rise of Ci literature.