2013-2015年医院感染现患率趋势调查

Trend of prevalence rate of nosocomial infection from 2013 to 2015

目的 根据医院三年来连续进行现患率调查的结果,分析近两年来医院感控措施执行效果,为感染控制提供依据。方法 通过医院感染实时监控系统（NIS）对2013年-2015年每年10月14日0~24时在院病人进行医院感染现患率调查。结果 2013-2015年医院感染现患率分别为4.65%、4.00%、3.11%,呈逐年下降趋势;内科总感染率依次为3.54%、2.82%、2.57%,外科总感染率依次为5.59%、4.62%、3.27%均呈平稳下降趋势;医院感染的重点部位构成均以下呼吸道为主,分别为38.40%、45.96%、59.34%,呈逐年上升趋势;2013年医院感染病原体构成比最高的为铜绿假单胞菌,2014年与2015年均为鲍氏不动杆菌;抗菌药物使用率依次为42.56%、42.34%、40.64%,呈逐年递减趋势。结论 2013-2015年医院感染现患率呈逐年下降趋势且低于多数同类医院,但下呼吸道的感染问题仍需引起足够重视;同时也应根据调查结果增强重点科室目标监测,采取有效干预措施,降低医院感染率。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence rate in three consecutive years and observe the effects oi pre- vention measures taken in the recent two years so as to provide guidance for control of the infections. METHODS By means of the nosocomial infection real-time monitoring system, the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was investigated for the patients from 0：00 to 24：00 on Oct 14 of each year from 2013 to 2015. RESULTS The preva- lence rate of nosocomial infections was 4.65% in 2013, 4.00% in 2014, 3.11% in 2015, showing a downward trend; the total infection rate was 3.54% in the internal medicine department in 2013, 2.82% in 2014, 2.57% in 2015, showing stable downward trend; the total infection rate was 5.59% in the surgery department in 2013, 4. 62% in 2014, 3.27% in 2015. The patients with lower respiratory tract infection were dominant among the pa- tients with nosocomial infections, accounting for 38.40%, 45.96%, and 59.34% ,showing an upward trend. The constituent ratio of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the highest among the pathogens causing the nosocomial in- fection in 2013, and the constituent ratio of the Acinetobacter baumannii was the highest in 2014 and 2015. The u- tilization rate of antibiotics was 42.56% in 2013, 42.34% in 2014, 40.64% in 2015, showing a downward trend. CONCLUSION The prevalence rate of nosocomial infections shows a downward trend from 2013 to 2015 and is lower in the hospital than in most of the hospitals at the same level. However, the lower respiratory tract infection still needs to be attached great importance to, meanwhile, it is necessary to strengthen the targeted surveillance of the key departments based on the investigation results and take effective intervention measures so as to reduce the incidence of the nosocomial infections.