肺结核病原学诊断技术研究进展

Advances in research of etiological diagnosis techniques of pulmonary tuberculosis

我国是全球22个结核病高负担国家之一,结核病防控形势严峻。结核病的早期诊断,合理规范治疗及管理离不开结核病原学诊断方法的发展;本研究系统回顾肺结核病原学诊断技术并简要概述了新兴的微生物全基因组测序技术在结核病诊疗与监测中的应用;得知,传统的病原学诊断技术在不断优化但仍各有优劣,通过应用前景的探索,有理由相信,随着高通量测序等快速分子诊断技术的发展,新型全基因组测序技术将凭借极高的病原识别能力、较小的操作难度和逐渐降低的试验成本等优势独占鳌头,成为结核病原诊断的重要手段。

China is one of the 22 countries of high burden of tuberculosis around the globe, and the situation of pre- vention and control of tuberculosis is severe. The early diagnosis of tuberculosis, reasonable and standardized treatment and management can not do without development of etiological diagnosis method. The review retrospec- tively describes the etiological diagnosis techniques of pulmonary tuberculosis and briefly introduce the application of emerging whole--genome sequencing（WGS） technique in diagnosis and monitoring of tuberculosis. It is conclu- ded that the traditional etiological diagnosis techniques are continuously optimized but have both advantages and disadvantages. The exploration of diagnostic methods and application prospect enable us to believe that with the development of the rapid molecular diagnosis techniques like high--throughput sequencing, the emerging WGS technique plays an important role in etiological diagnosis of tuberculosis, with the sensibility high, the operation simple, the experiment cost low.