中国地方人大的三重属性与变迁模式

The Triad of Attributes in China's Local People's Congresses and Its Changing trajectory

在中国人大制度研究中,早期的国内学者倾向于在宏观层面上进行规范定位,较为忽视地方人大的独特属性;国外学者更为关注中国地方人大的现实变迁,但常常将西方的经验投射于中国,同样没有注意到地方人大的特殊之处。后来的研究虽然认识到了地方人大作为国家意志执行保证者的角色,但仍停留在规范层面。在发展历程中,中国的地方人大内含了三重属性,即国家意志的执行保证机关、地方党委领导下的工作机关和地方民意的代表机关。这三重属性的具体组合,既构成了中国地方人大制度变迁的内在动力机制,也设定了地方人大制度变迁的基本路径和地方人大的行为模式。对于中国地方人大三重属性的区分,在理论上有利于清晰定位中国地方人大的制度坐标,在现实中也为国家治理体系和治理能力现代化改革提供了新的思路。

Previous studies from Chinese domestic scholars mainly focused on the normative nature of Chinese People's Congress System,thus they ignored the distinctive attribute of Local People's Congress. While foreign researchers were interested in the empirical mechanism on the micro level,their inspiration projected from western experiences tends to twist the real image of China's Local People's Congress. A few of latter findings showed that China's 'local'people's congresses play like a 'national'agent in some degree,but these explorations are still normative. The triad of attributes in China's Local People's Congresses includes guaranteeing the state will,being led by the local Chinese Communist party committee,and representing the local people. It is the triad of attributes drives the emergence of China's Local People's Congresses and sets the trajectory of changing model. The analysis of the triad of attributes in China's Local People's Congresses can contribute to locate the position of China's Local People's Congresses' in the political map,and provides some new thinking of modern governance.