道德判断的困境与赫尔曼的康德式辩护

The Plight of Moral Judgment and Herman Kant' s Defense

道德判断所面临的困境:第一,不能包容道德变化;第二,不关心道德感知和道德敏感性,只追求判断形式的同一性。面对这些困境,赫尔曼提出基于"道德显著规则"的康德式辩护,旨在说明道德规则在道德判断理论之内是如何得到运用的。一方面"道德显著规则"能够包容道德特殊因素,因而容纳道德变化;另一方面,"道德显著规则"把行为者的道德感知结构化,进而提高行为者的道德敏感性。"道德显著规则"不仅使道德有一种客观基础,同时又为容忍某些基于文化的道德差异提供理由。

Difficulties facing moral judgment： first, it doesnt include moral changes; Second, it is not concerned with moral perceptian and moral sensitivity, only the pursuit of identity in the form of judgment. In the face of these difficulties, Herman is put forward based on the ＂moral rule＂ significantly Kantian, aims to illustrate moral rules within the theory of moral judgment is how to get used. On the one hand, the ＂moral rule＂ significantly moral special factors, that is beth inclusive and accommodate moral changes; ＂Moral rule＂ significantly, on the other hand, the moral awareness of structured, of moral sensitivity can be improved. ＂ Moral rule＂ significantly not only make the morality has an objective basis, at the same time provide tolerant of some based on the cultural difference of moral reason.