理性的自觉:古希腊哲学的“逻各斯精神”与“努斯精神”

Consciousness with Reason: “Logos Spirit” and “Nous Spirit” in Ancient Greek Philosophy

独特的自然和文化培育了独特的古希腊理性哲学。赫拉克利特的"逻各斯"与柏拉图的"理念论"奠定了西方传统理性思想的客体性原则,它强调客观世界运动的规律性、自足性和自为性。而阿那克萨戈拉的"努斯"与苏格拉底的"人本思想"则开创了西方传统理性思想的主体性原则,它代表主体精神不断地创造与革新的自由本性。当然,"逻各斯精神"与"努斯精神"并非泾渭分明、水火不容,在二者的融合方面亚里士多德的思想较具代表性。

The unique natural conditions and cultural soil gave birth to Ancient Greek Philosophy.＂Logos＂by Heraclitus and ＂ Idealism＂ by Plato established the objective principle of western traditional rational thought,emphasizing the regularity,self-sufficiency and self-performance of the objective world. ＂Nous＂by Anaxagoras and ＂Humanism＂by Socrates established the subjective principle of western traditional rational thought,representing the freedom nature with creativity and innovation. Of course,＂Logos Spirit ＂and＂Nous Spirit＂are neither incompatible nor quite distinct from each other,in which Aristotle＇s thinking is more representative.