考虑车轨耦合作用的车体动力吸振器减振性能研究

Performances of dynamic absorbers for urban rail vehicle body considering effects of vehicle-track coupling

以降低城市轨道交通车辆车体的垂向振动为目的,建立了包含动力吸振器的车辆和轨道垂向振动的耦合模型,获得了耦合模型的垂向振动特性,进一步明确了轨道系统对车体垂向振动特性的影响,讨论了载客量和车速的变化对动力吸振器减振性能的影响,重点研究了考虑轨道系统影响后动力吸振器的设计方法,提出了一种新颖的考虑车速变化以及速度区间运行概率的动力吸振器的减振性能评价指标(DVA减振指标)。结果表明:轨道系统使轨道车体振动的峰值频率发生微小的偏移,改变了轨道车辆振动系统的振动特性,使车体垂向振动加剧;在车轨耦合作用下,动力吸振器的设计要综合考虑动力吸振器质量和设计频率的匹配,设计频率的阈值决定了动力吸振器是否减振,最佳设计频率决定了动力吸振器能否获得较好的减振效果。该项工作对包含动力吸振器的轨道车辆振动性能评价和分析具有重要的参考价值。

To reduce vertical vibrations of urban rail vehicle body,a vehicle-track model with dynamic absorbers was established here,and the vertical vibration characteristics of the coupling model were derived.The effects of track system on the vertical vibration characteristics of the vehicle body were analyzed and the influences of passengers capacity and vehicle speed on the performances of dynamic absorbers were disscussed.The design method of dynamic absorbers considering the effects of track system was studied.Considering speed change and operating probability of vehicle speed range,a novel evaluation index called DVA vibration reduction index was proposed to evaluate the performances of dynamic absorbers.The results showed that due to track system,the peak vibration frequency of the urban rail vehicle body offsets slightly,and the vibration characteristics of the rail vehicle system vary,the vertical vibration of the vehicle body becomes more intensively;under the couplingation action of vehicle and track,the matching between the weight and design frequencies of dynamic absorbers has to be considered;the design frequency threshold determines if dynamic absorbers reduce vibration and the optimal design frequency determines if dynamic absorbers have better vibration reduction effects.This study provided an important reference to evaluate and analyze vibration characteristics of urban rail vehicles with dynamic absorbers.